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A syslog server can be configured to store messages for reporting purposes from MX Security Appliances, MR Access Points, and MS switches. This document will provide examples of syslog messages and how to configure a syslog server to store the messages. IPull-u-Pull is a local Fresno company who is placing extra emphasis on providing the best vehicle inventory, parts pricing, and customer service in the greater Fresno region. Our CashForCars program allows customers to sell us their end-of-life vehicles or vehicles that they want to sell.
A syslog server can be configured to store messages for reporting purposes from MX Security Appliances, MR Access Points, and MS switches. This document will provide examples of syslog messages and how to configure a syslog server to store the messages.
Types of Syslog Messages
The MX Security Appliance supports sending four categories of messages/roles: Event Log, IDS Alerts, URLs, and Flows. MR access points can send the same roles with the exception of IDS alerts. MS switches currently only support Event Log messages.
URL
Any HTTP GET requests will generate a syslog entry.
Example:
Apr 20 14:36:35192.168.10.1 1 948077314.907556162 MX60 urls src=192.168.10.3:62526 dst=54.241.7.X.X mac=00:1A:A0:XX:XX:XX request: GET http://www.meraki.com
Summary:
A client with IP address 192.168.10.3 sent a HTTP GET request for http://www.meraki.com.
Flows
Inbound and outbound flows will generate a syslog message showing the source and destination along with port numbers and the firewall rule that they matched. For inbound rules, 1=deny and 0=allow.
Examples:
Inbound Flow:
192.168.10.1 1 948077334.886213117 MX60 flows src=39.41.X.X dst=114.18.X.X protocol=udp sport=13943 dport=16329 pattern: 1 all
Outbound Flow:
192.168.10.1 1 948136486.721741837 MX60 flows src=192.168.10.254 dst=8.8.8.8 mac=00:18:0A:XX:XX:XX protocol=udp sport=9562 dport=53 pattern: allow all
Summary:
The inbound flow example shows a blocked UDP flow from 39.41.X.X to the WAN IP of the MX. The outbound flow shows an allowed outbound flow for a DNS request.
Appliance/Switch/Wireless Event Log
A copy of the messages found in the dashboard under Network-wide > Monitor > Event log.
Example:
May 10 18:46:04 192.168.10.1 1 948080570.911780502 MX60 events dhcp lease of ip 192.168.10.252 from server mac 00:18:0A:XX.XX.XX for client mac 58:67:1A:XX.XX.XX from router 192.168.10.1 on subnet 255.255.255.0 with dns 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4
Summary:
A client with MAC address 00:18:0A:XX.XX.XX leased an IP address from the MX and the MX provided 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as DNS servers to the client.
Security Events
Any security events will generate a syslog message (MX security appliance only role).
Example:
1490031971.951780201 ANB_MX80 security_event ids_alerted signature=1:39867:3 priority=3 timestamp=1490031971.693691 shost=00:15:5D:1E:08:04 direction=egress protocol=udp/ip src=192.168.30.10:49243 dst=71.10.216.1:53 message: INDICATOR-COMPROMISE Suspicious .tk dns query
Summary:
A IDS syslog message was generated when a .tk DNS query was sent from 192.168.30.10 to 71.10.216.1.
Air Marshal Events
Air Marshal events will generate a syslog message describing the wireless traffic detected.
Example:
Oct 20 17:21:33 192.195.83.210 0.0 syslog2 airmarshal_events type= rogue_ssid_detected ssid=' vap='0' bssid='FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF' src='02:18:6A:XX:XX:XX dst='FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF' wired_mac='00:18:0A:XX:XX:XX' vlan_id='0' channel='44' rssi='60' fc_type='0' fc_subtype='4'
Summary:
A beacon was sent by a device that exists on the LAN, generating a rogue SSID event that resulted in a syslog message.
The file contains a compressed (or zipped) set of files packing the drivers for SiS UniVGA5 Graphics. In order to make full use of your device, download the file to a folder on your hard drive, and then run (double-click) it to unzip the files. This package contains the files for installing the SIS SiS671/672/M672 Graphics Driver. If it has been installed, updating (overwrite-installing) may fix problems, add new functions, or expand functions. The program is language independent and can be used with any language system. Important Notes. This will help if you installed an incorrect or mismatched driver. Problems can arise when your hardware device is too old or not supported any longer. SiS UniVGA5 Graphics Driver UniVGA5 Graphics Driver SiS Graphics Driver SiS UniVGA5 Graphics Driver Sis671FX. Sis 671 fx dx mx drivers for mac. USB: USB 1.1 / USB 2.0: N/A. Provided by OS.
Log Samples and More Information
For more information on Syslog Event Types and a list of log samples for each product, please refer to this article.
Configuring a Syslog Server
A syslog server can easily be configured on a Linux system in a short period of time, and there are many other syslog servers available for other OSes (Kiwi Syslog for Windows, for example).
The following commands detail an example syslog server configuration on Ubuntu 13.04 using syslog-ng, to gather syslog information from an MX security appliance.
Note: The following commands outline an example configuration for demonstration purposes. Please refer to your server documentation for specific instructions and information.
The first step is to install the syslog application:
Once syslog-ng has been installed it needs to be configured to receive log messages from the MX. These instructions will configure syslog-ng to store each of the role categories in their own log file. There will be an individual log file for URLs, Event Logs, etc. Alternatively, it could be configured to store all logs in one file. Use any appropriate editor to make changes to the syslog-ng configuration file. In this example nano is used to edit the file.
The LAN IP of the MX in this example will be 192.168.10.1. The syslog server is listening on 192.168.10.241 UDP port 514. Update as needed to reflect the LAN IP of the MX and the syslog server being configured. The first section of code will configure all syslog messages from the MX to be stored in /var/log/meraki.log. The second section of code will use regular expressions to match each of the role categories and store them in individual log files. Only one of the options needs to be configured.
Option 1 - Log all messages to /var/log/meraki.log:
Option 2 - Log different message types to individual log files:
The final step will restart the syslog-ng process:
Configure Dashboard
Syslog servers can be defined in the Dashboard from Network-wide > Configure > General.
Click the Add a syslog server link to define a new server. An IP address, UDP port number, and the roles to send to the server need to be defined. Multiple syslog servers can be configured.
If the Flows role is enabled on an MX security appliance, logging for individual firewall rules can be enabled/disabled on the Security appliance > Configure > Firewall page, under the Logging column:
Additional Considerations
Syslog messages can take a up a large amount of disk space. When deciding on a host to run the syslog server make sure to have enough storage space on the host to hold the logs. Consult the syslog-ng man page for further information on only keeping logs for a certain amount of time.
If the environment has multiple MX devices using site-to-site VPN, and logging is done to a syslog server on the remote side of the VPN, that traffic will be subject to the site-to-site firewall. As such, note that it may be necessary to create a Site-to-site firewall rule to allow the syslog traffic through. This is done from Security appliance > Configure > Site-to-site VPN > Organization-wide settings > Add a rule.
packages, but not for com.sun. Java 9 for mac download. packages). This source code is provided for informational purposes only, to help developers learn and use the Java programming language. These files do not include platform-specific implementation code and cannot be used to rebuild the class libraries.
The source IP address needs to be the Internet port 1 address of the MX sending the syslog messages back to the syslog server. The destination IP address is the IP address of the syslog server. Change the destination port number if the syslog server does not use the standard UDP port 514 to listen on for syslog messages.
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HomePersonasHow to ‘MacGyver’ Customer SegmentationRashard Spiller
October 12, 2016 Personas, ResearchSource: http://cdn3-www.comingsoon.net/assets/uploads/2016/02/macgyver1.jpg
You’re in a pinch and you need segmentation
Working in an agency, and a very small one at that, things tend to move at a rapid pace. I oftentimes find that I am under the gun to produce. Clients want tangible recommendations, results, and most importantly, return on investment (as they should). Multiply a single client by 10, staggered a week or so apart, and ‘under the gun’ soon becomes ‘under a bazooka’. What’s more, the client has no data – or worse – they have data but can’t grant me access to it. Wait, what?! No data?! No access to data?! Now, this is a bind. So, what do I do as a strategy and analytics professional who relies on data to inform just about everything I do? How do l tell the customer story?
Source: http://cdn.younghollywood.com/images/stories/macgyver.jpg
The Solution: Employ the following techniques to get you out of segmentation jam
Well, the quick and dirty answer is… I find data. First-hand data, second-hand data…whatever I can get my hands on. “Necessity is the mother of invention” as the proverb goes and improvisation is likely the father. In these situations, I have to improvise – a guy (who resembles Richard Dean Anderson) stuck in the basement of a warehouse, tied to chair with a bomb counting down inside of a deadbolt chest. It’s like my very survival is at stake, and it is contingent upon my ingenuity and ability to create something out of seemingly nothing. I know, survival is a bit dramatic in terms of describing work (though sometimes it feels that way), but I have to get in MacGyver mode. I need to find that paper clip, AA battery, and stick of gum to fashion a solution to my segmentation needs. After all, MacGyver can do it strapped to a chair in a warehouse basement as a bomb counts down. I can do it strapped to my desk as clients ‘patiently’ turn the hour glass.
You can use the following tips to help you find data and ‘MacGyver’ user/customer segmentation. Keep in mind, I am not suggesting this as a replacement for obtaining first-hand quantitative and qualitative data. In a perfect world, nothing beats generating a regression model, running a classification algorithm (i.e. decision trees), and an in-depth survey analysis. But MacGyver and I do not live in a perfect world. This is how we get out of a jam.
Assess the Situation
First off, I need to properly assess the situation. One of the first things that MacGyver did when faced with pending destruction was canvas his surroundings to determine the facts (of his situation). Key questions for him would be: what part of town am I in? What kind of building is this? Am I in the basement? What type of chair am I tied to? Am I bound by tape or rope? Is that a bomb? How much time do I have left? And so on.
I take the same approach before beginning my segmentation efforts. Here, I need to fully understand my project requirements.
These are key questions that help me refine my approach as many of these analyses can yield different results (i.e. segments and personas).
Take Stock
Like MacGyver, I empty my pockets and look around to see what I can use to craft a solution – the foundation for my segmentation process. This step begins my search for data, and one of the best tools I can use here is conversation.
First, I go to my clients’ customer spreadsheets to find customers to interview. I can either conduct the interview via telephone or invite them to the office. I need only to speak to 5-8 customers, which I can get done in a day or two. I ask them plenty of questions about their customer journey and more specifically how they arrived at a solution to their pain point. I also make sure to record any pertinent demographic details (e.g. location, age, gender, income etc.) if you don’t already have them.
If I am unable to speak to customers directly, I find the sales team. Sales are a useful resource for customer data and feedback, even if anecdotal. They are in constant contact with users and customers and such serve as a reliable resource for (indirect) customer knowledge. Additionally, they often develop ‘one sheets’ around target prospects, which may include details I can use in the next phase of my analysis.
To note, if I am not in a time crunch per se, I will conduct an affinity session with key stakeholders. Affinity sessions are a great tool to get stakeholders in one room to share customer information as part of a focused cross-functional brainstorm. This approach can be effective in small and large companies, alike, and can serve as a forum to breakdown silo mindsets. Other functions I target for conversation include UX and marketing teams.
When having a conversation is not possible, I do some desk research. Depending on the industry, it may be as simple as going to industry association websites, or the 10-k (annual report) of a chief competitor. Also, if I have the budget, I purchase a research report from any of the reputable market research firms, which can be a real time saver.
Segmentation Solutions
Now that I’ve taken stock of what I have, it’s time for MacGyver and I to blow up this joint. I’ve got my stick of gum, AA battery, and eye glasses to fashion a tool to help me blast my way out of the building basement just as the bomb goes off (insert cliché jump away from background explosion).
At this point, I now have at least an inkling of how my target audience is or might be. Further, my conversations and desk research in step two gave me a handful of data points (e.g. location, age range, gender, income level) to map to filter parameters in several research tools.
Experian Mosaic, Nielsen Prizm, and Facebook Audience Insights are my main sources to find data. And don’t worry if you have a small budget, Experian Mosaic and Nielsen Prizm each have a limited, less robust version of their platform online for free. With these versions, you can peruse all of the segments and corresponding underlying data in addition to running limited searches with whatever data you do gleaned from your earlier research, to pinpoint relevant segments. This is where the magic occurs. This is taking the gum wrapper and battery to produce a fire that’ll burn through the ropes – don’t try this at home kids.
The sections below are an explanation of this process much like when MacGyver narratively explains what he’s concocting and how it works. So please read further not with my voice in mind, but Richard Dean Anderson’s narration.
Experian Mosaic
Experian Marketing Services’ Segmentation classifies the US population into 19 groups and 71 unique profiles. Each profile contains data points relating to demographics like age, gender, and household income, as well as psychographics, buying habits, and life events. To obtain access to Experian Marketing Services’ Segmentation Portal go to sign up here. You should receive login credentials in a day or so.
By adjusting the filter levers, I can zero in on groups and profiles that best represent my target audience. For example, say the main zip code of a key customer segment is 07726 (multiple parameters are okay too). After I enter the zip code and perform search, right away I see three profiles that make up the majority of people who live within that area. I can click on each of these to read a summary of key demographics, features, attitudes and preferences. Moreover, I can use the left-hand side navigation to access detailed profile descriptions, geographical mapping, and word clouds.
For additional data insights, I can delve deeper into Experian’s feature set to compare index scores across demographics and preferences ranging from family structure to mobile phone use. Certainly, it’s not the efficient, user-friendly interface of the full platform, however it provides adequate functionality to get your segmentation efforts going.
Nielsen Prizm (My Best Segments)
Nielsen Prizm, like Experian Mosaic, segments the US population into groups and segments according to demographic, lifestyle, and media trends. It achieves this through three segmentation systems: PRIZM, P$YCLE, and ConneXions.
Each system has a slightly different focus:
- PRIZM – includes insights related to consumer shopping behaviors and patterns
- P$YCLE – focuses on financial and investment behaviors
- ConneXions – identifies technology purchasing preferences (e.g. video, voice, and data)
As with our earlier example, I can input zip code 07726 into Nielsen MyBestSegments. I receive an output of segments specific to 07726 across Nielsen’s segmentation system. Nielsen also includes a few details on household income, family structure, age, and race and ethnicity.
You can click on any of the output segments for a snapshot summary of that segment’s key traits and characteristics. Although Nielsen restricts access to certain demographic and lifestyle details specific to that segment with this platform version, I find the summary descriptions to be quite informative and useful. Nonetheless, the snapshot paints a clear picture of each segment that I find more than adequate for my segmentation efforts.
Facebook Audience Insights
In addition to market research tools like Experian Mosaic and Nielsen, I use as a great tool for target audience segmentation. Facebook has over 1.65 billion active users worldwide, which makes it a pretty good research panel. Through the Audience Insights interface, I can create customized queries based on a number of features from location (i.e. country, state, and city) to household composition. Specifically, I take key features that I identified in step two and input them as filter parameters in Audience Insights. One filter parameter I pay special attention to is ‘interest’. Under interest, I can enter brands, names, occupations and people to further narrow my audience.
Using my earlier example, I can enter the 07726 zip code to single out a location. Then mark additional parameters within income, relationship status, age and gender drilldown to a specific audience in which I can get details on demographics, Facebook activity, brand affinity (based on Facebook activity), household makeup, and purchasing behavior. By clicking on the horizontal tabs across the top, I can access the aforementioned details.
Depending on my segmentation requirements and available data, I can use these tools independently or in concert to produce target audience profiles and segmentation. The process can take anywhere from a couple of days to a week to complete. I usually advise our clients to put into place structured data collection, whether it be CRM, customer services, user testing, surveys etc., so that future segmentation can be performed more efficiently with first-hand data.
So when you find yourself in an emergency ‘break-glass’ scenario around customer segmentation, improvise and get creative with conversation and third-party research tools to ‘MacGyver’ your way to clearer audience insights.
Source: http://i.imgur.com/83asIxj.gif
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How to ‘MacGyver’ Customer Segmentation - October 12, 2016
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